DNA Replication

Objective: Correctly identify the enzymes and base pair rules involved in DNA replication. You have developed super powers and are able to see things you were never able to see! Today, you will take a closer look at an animal cell and help the enzymes correctly replicate a DNA molecule. To complete this game you must reach the end, but remember it is very important to get every step right to prevent any disorders. [[Play Game]]

Now to begin your mission which organelle is DNA found? [[Nucleus]] [[Mitochondria]] [[Ribosomes]]

This is an enzyme that glues DNA fragments together. You have still not even cut your DNA helix! [[Try Again|Nucleus]]

It's always easier to break up the word to remember the meaning of it. poly- means MANY -mer- means PIECES -ase means ENZYME Do you think that you need to attach 'many pieces' as your first step in DNA replication? [[No, I think it's ligase|ligase]] [[No, I think it's helicase|helicase]]

Helix is the term that is commonly used to describe the structure of a DNA molecule.Look below to read its full definition: Helix (noun): an object having a three-dimensional shape like that of a wire wound uniformly in a single layer around a cylinder or cone, as in a corkscrew or spiral staircase. Remember that an enzyme end with the letters -ase. So, what is the enzyme that you first need to open the DNA helix? [[ligase]] [[helicase]] [[DNA polymerase]]

Step 1 completed! You have successfully opened the DNA helix, but remember to add single stranded binding proteins to keep it open! <style> img \{max-width:100%; max-height:100%\} </style> <img src=https://www.yourgenome.org/sites/default/files/styles/banner/public/banners/facts/what-is-dna-replication/dnareplication-01.jpg?itok=b2y5lJL9></div> Now you can clearly see the base sequence: 5' GTACAGTCACC 3' 3' CATGTCAGTGG 5' Which enzyme do you need so the DNA polymerase can attach and start base pairing? [[RNA polymerase]] [[primase]]

The mission is to replicate DNA! [[Try again|helicase]]

Step 2 completed! Primase has added a primer and DNA polymerase can start adding bases! 5' GTACAGTCACC 3' 3' CAT Can you help DNA polymerase complete the DNA sequence using the base pairing rules? [[Yes, I can!]] [[I need help]]

Mitochondria is the power house of the cell and supplies energy for cell processes. [[Try again|Play Game]]

Ribosomes synthesize proteins by using instructions found in DNA. [[Try again|Play Game]]

5' GTACAGTCACC 3' 3' CAT 5' Which of the following is the correct sequence that DNA polymerase will add to the leading strand? [[3' CTCACTGG 5']] [[3' GTCAGTCC 5']] [[3' GTCAGTGG 5']]

A mutation has occured. This can result in genetic disorders, luckily the cell has multiple checkpoints to go back and fix such mistakes. [[Try to fix my mistake.|Yes, I can!]] [[I need to review the base pairing rules.|I need help]]

Step 3 completed! You are half way there! You have successfully replicated the leading strand, now click on the lagging strand! 5' GTACAGTCACC 3' 3' CATGTCAGTGG 5' 3' CATGTCAGTGG 5' What are the pieces on the lagging strand called? [[Watson & Crick fragments]] [[Okazaki fragments]]

To be continued...

Learning about all these big new words and the mutliple step process called DNA replication canbe overwhelming! You can watch the video below to help you remember! <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/8kK2zwjRV0M" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> [[Try Again|Nucleus]]