Secondary Research

"Alright class, listen up for the last couple of minutes we have for today. NOBODY PACK UP! I want to explain the criteria for your research paper one last time. Remember, the paper has to be at least 1,200 words, double-spaced, and be MLA formatted. You must also have one book, one peer-reviewed article from a scholarly journal, and one text from any source that you think could add valid information to your paper. Make sure you have these sources from a scholarly journal, and one text from any source that you think could add valid information to your paper. Make sure you have these sources properly cited and with you next class." The instructor looks around the classroom. "Are there any questions?" [[Stay silent. | End of Class]] (link:"Raise your hand.")[(set: $raise to 1)(goto:"Class Question")]

"Alright. If nobody has a question, you are free to go." You close up your notebook and throw it into your bag. Class is over and you are done with everything for the day. You know you are going to a party tomorrow, football game Saturday, and have work on Sunday so you should really go do research now. As you are ready to step out of the class, you realize you don't really know the difference between a scholarly article and a regular one... (link:"Ask teacher a question.")[(set: $askQuestion to 1)(goto:"Class Question")] (link:"I'll go to the library.")[(set: $library to 1)(goto:" Leave Class")] [[Eh, I'll figure it out | Leave Class]]

(if: $raise is 1)["Yes?"] (if: $askQuestion is 1)[You walk up to the professor and clear your throat. "Professor, I have a question..."(set: $askQuestion to 2)] (if: $askquestion is 2)[I have another question..."] (if: $scholarlyarticle is 0)[[["What's a peer-reviewed scholarly article?"| Scholarly Article]]] (if: $othersource is 0)[[["What can the other source be?" | Other Source]]] (if: $find is 0)[[["How do I find these things?" | Find]]] [["Thank you for your help." | Leave Class]] (link:'"Thank you for your help." I have to go to the library')[(set: $library to 1) (goto:" Leave Class")]

(if: $library is 0)[Just outside of Pray-Harrold you hear someone talking about taking a nap before starting homework. You start to contemplate the idea.] (if: $library is 1)[You walk through the crowded hallways of Pray-Harrold and make your way outside. Since it is a decent enough day out, you decide to walk over to the library. Just outside of Pray-Harrold you hear someone talking about taking a nap before starting homework. You start to contemplate the idea. [[Keep walking to the library | Library]]] [["A nap sounds like a good idea." Head towards dorm. | Dorm]]

(set: $scholarlyarticle to 1)["A peer-reviewed article is an article published in a scholarly journal where all submissions have been vetted by experts, or peers, in the field before being published. These articles are available in databases like JStor, Project Muse, and Eric. We can access them through these databases because the university pays for the journal subscriptions. Books at the library are usually good sources for peer-reviewed sources, however, be careful. Not all books are vetted like articles are."] (link:"Done.")[(goto:"Class Question")]

(set: $othersource to 1)["Well, other sources can be almost anything, as long as it is adding valid information to your research paper. Books and peer-reviewed articles do make good sources, but you might want to think about sources more generally as texts that give you information. Depending on the assignment, sources can be anything from Youtube videos, blogs, the New York Times, or even Wikipedia. Remember, even if it doesn't have to be peer-reviewed, make sure you evaluate the source properly."] (link:"Done.")[(goto:"Class Question")]

(set: $find to 1)["You're best bet is to go through the library site. If you type in www.emich.edu/library, you will find the 'e-search' box in the center. You can type keywords into there. You can also click through the different databases under the 'databases' tab. If you're unsure how to do this, you can always go to the library and ask a librarian to show you."] (link:"Done.")[(goto:"Class Question")]

You make your way into the Halle Library and make your way to the center of the main lobby. You look around at all the students, faculty, and visitors rushing about the large open room. (if: $askhelp is 0)[You start to contemplate if you need help or not. Should you go to the [[Academic Projects Center]] to get help with research, or should you [[try to do it on your own? | Computer Lab]]] (if: $askhelp is 1)[You look over to the left of the circulation desk and see the Academic Projects Center. Your professor said there were librarians in there that could help with research. [[Academic Projects Center]]]

You open your dorm and find your roommate playing XBox One on your shared TV. They give you the standard nod you have grown accustomed to. “Are you kidding me? Ugh! I just respawned!” “Call of Duty?” Lately, it was the only thing on TV. “What do you think?” I guess I’m not going to take a nap. [[I guess I will go to the library. | Library]] (link:"Go to the couch in the common area.")[(set: $nolibrary to 1)(goto:" Common Area")]

You settle into the common area and pull out your computer. The common area is a little loud, so you pull out some headphones. <div></div> <img src="http://i.imgur.com/zuK57Br.png" alt="Network Log In"> This thing better not pop up every five minutes. You type in your information and hit accept. The web browser opens up and you instantly go to your saved playlist on Youtube. You are now comfortable enough to get working. You are now staring at a new tab in your internet browser. [[Type in "Google.com" | Google]] [[Type in "emich.edu/library" | Library Main Site]]

<center>Secondary Research: An Interactive Guide By: Christopher Stuart [[Start |Main]] Contact: [email protected]</center>

You type in Google.com. Alright, now what was my topic? [[Standardized tests and assessment. | Testing Google Search]]

You type in www.emich.edu/library. <div></div> <img src="http://i.imgur.com/o2X1iun.png" width="640" height="480" alt="Library Main Page"> Alright, now what was my topic? [[Standardized tests and assessment. | Testing Library Search]]

(if: $secondgoogle is 0)[You click on the "Articles & More" tab and type in "standardized testing" into the search bar. After a couple of seconds, the page refreshes and 743,082 results appear. At the top of the page, it says "Database recommendation: ERIC." You're not really sure what that means, but you might remember your professor mentioning ERIC before. You click on the link and another search bar comes up. You once again type in "standardized testing," but this time 6,753 results come up. There is a list on the bottom that says "Source Type" and "Scholarly Journals." Under the scholarly journal tab, it says there are 2,419 articles. You click on it and find hundreds of articles that all sound the same. It is becoming readily apparent that this might be harder than you thought. You look over at the Academics Project Center and feel that maybe you should ask for help. [[Go to the Academic Projects Center |Academic Projects Center]]] (if: $secondgoogle is 1)[You click on the "Articles & More" tab and type in "standardized testing" into the search bar. After a couple of seconds, the page refreshes and 743,082 results appear. At the top of the page, it says "Database recommendation: ERIC." You're not really sure what that means, but you might remember your professor mentioning ERIC before. You click on the link and another search bar comes up. You once again type in "standardized testing," but this time 6,753 results come up. There is a list on the bottom that says "Source Type" and "Scholarly Journals." Under the scholarly journal tab, it says there are 2,419 articles. You click on it and find hundreds of articles that all sound the same. It is becoming readily apparent that this might be harder than you thought. Most of the articles look the same and it is hard to tell what is best to use. You look over at the Academics Project Center and feel that maybe you should ask for help. [[Go to the Academic Projects Center |Academic Projects Center]]] (if: $secondgoogle is 2)[You click on the "Articles & More" tab and type in "standardized testing" into the search bar. After a couple of seconds, the page refreshes and 743,082 results appear. At the top of the page, it says "Database recommendation: ERIC." You're not really sure what that means, but you might remember your professor mentioning ERIC before. You click on the link and another search bar comes up. You once again type in "standardized testing," but this time 6,753 results come up. There is a list on the bottom that says "Source Type" and "Scholarly Journals." Under the scholarly journal tab, it says there are 2,419 articles. You click on it and find hundreds of articles that all sound the same. Your not sure which one would be best for your project. You look over at the Academics Project Center and feel that maybe you should ask for help. [["Ed, I think I'm ready" | Refined Testing Library Search]]]

You type into the search bar "standardized testing." Hmm. 11,300,000 results in .42 seconds. Awesome. You scroll through the first couple links. Nearly the entire first page is full of definitions to "standardized tests" or tests that are offered through different organization. You start to come across articles, some from news organziations and others from websites with .edu, debating the validity of tests or pros and cons. After clicking through a couple pages, you start to wonder what would be considereda scholarly source out of these? What if I type in "scholarly article" next to it? Alright. 125,000 results, but most of these are the same sites I just looked at. [[Click through a couple pages and a couple sources with .edu | Second Testing Google]] [[Type in "emich.edu/library" | Testing Library Search]] [[Put your head down. | Frustration]]

You walk through the doors to the Academic Projects Center and see several people in the back of the room at tables, an older gentleman sitting directly in front of you at a computer, and a woman to your right, smiling your way. "Can I help you?" You walk over to her. "Yes. I have to do research for a paper, but I'm having a hard time finding sources." "Research help?" the man at the computer asks. "Great, sign in on the clipboard in front of you, and take a seat right beside me." You turn towards the clipboard and fill out the form. You take a seat next to the gentleman. "My name is Edward Paige. Have you ever been here before?" [["Yes."]] [["No."]]

You sit down at one of the campus computers and take out your notebook, a pen, and some headphones. To resist temptation, you throw your phone into your bag. The campus computer is off, so you reach up and touch the power button on the screen and it comes to live, asking for you log in information. You type everything in and open up Google Chrome. Google's search is staring you in the face. [[Google: Standardized tests and assessment. | Testing Google Search]] [[Type in emich.edu/library | Library Main Site]]

I've already spent 30 minutes on Google. I don't know what to do. Maybe I should ask someone? (link:"Need Help from librarian")[(set: $askhelp to 1) (goto:" Library")]

"Perfect. I can help you with all types of research and database work. What are you working on today?" [[I'm trying to find peer-reviewed sources on standardized testing and assessment | Librarian Testing]]

"Well, welcome then! This is the Academic Projects Center. We can help you with any stage of your project. Those fine people behind us are writing consultants from the <a href="http://www.emich.edu/uwc/">University Writing Center</a> where they can help you with anything from starting a paper to finishing it with full works cited! The lovely lady at the front desk is with IT, and they can answer any question you have with technical problems or if you have a question about a specific program. Finally, I'm a librarian. I can help you with all types of research and database work. Now, what are you working on today?" [[I'm trying to find peer-reviewed sources on standardized testing and assessment | Librarian Testing]]

"Interesting topic! Now, since this is such a new topic and it is still developing, there might not be a ton of resources available to you, so we are going to have to get creative. "Why don't you log onto this computer and we will get started." You type your log in information into the sign in screen and double-click on Google Chrome which opens up to the library main site. "First, it is important to refine your topic. What is it that you want to know about the current event?" [["I want to find out some background information because I don't really know much about the testing besides what I've taken." |Anything Really Testing]] (if: $secondgoogle is 1)[[["I did some background research already and came up with some keywords and an article." | Refined Testing Library Search]]]

After some searching, you come across a lengthly PDF document that looks like a student project. The project is from William Jessup University by a student named Jeremiah Gawthrop. The full project title is <a href="http://my.jessup.edu/publicpolicy/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Gawthrop_Jeremiah_Final.pdf">"Measuring Student Achievement: A Study of Standardized Testing and its Effect on Student Learning."</a> As you read the abstract and table of contents, you take notes on key terms. You look down at your notebook: objective and unbiased tests inappropriately used to determine education quality Affect minority groups "No Child Left Behind Act" "Race to the Top" Validity and reliability You're not sure if this would be a peer-reviewed source, but it has a full works cited, is well researched, and outlines the issue well. This might be helpful when searching on the library page. (link:"Type: emich.edu/library")[(set: $secondgoogle to 1)(goto:" Testing Library Search")]

(if: $researchtools is 0)["Alright, before we look at the peer-review articles, let's look at what options you have for researching. "What tool would you like to learn about first?" [["Google Scholar"]] [["Library E-Search"]] [["Database Search"]]] (if: $researchtools is 1)["What topic do you want to look at now?" (if: $googlescholar is 0)[[["Google Scholar"]]] (if: $libraryesearch is 0)[[["Library E-Search"]]] (if: $databasesearch is 0)[[["Database Search"]]] [["I'm ready to start searching."]]]

"Alright. It doesn't seem like you know much about this topic or you're having a hard time finding information. Let's start with a simple Google search. "Internet search engines can help you find sources, but they aren’t always the best route to getting to a good source. You will often find news sites, blogs, and opinion pieces of various influences in a simple Goolge search. Now, if you don't know anything about your topic, or very little, this isn't the worst option to get a couple keywords for your refined topic. "Try entering the search term 'standardized testing' into Google, without quotation marks around the term. How many hits do you get?" You type in the search terms. "Alright, so as you can see here, there are over 11 million results. Most of these results are the standard ones you would expect: definition work, products, and blogs. This is one of the major drawbacks of using simple search terms on an internet search. However, there are tricks to narrow your search, which may help us today. "By combining search terms with certain words or symbols, you can control what the search engine looks for. If you put more than one term into a Google search box, the search engine will only give you sites that include both terms, since it uses the Boolean operator AND as the default for its searches. If you put OR between two search terms, you’ll end up getting even more results, because Google will look for all websites containing either of the terms. Using a minus sign in front of a term eliminates things you’re not interested in. It’s the Google equivalent of the Boolean operator NOT. "Try entering standardized testing and effectiveness." "Wow. Just over 1 million results. That cut down a lot." "Yes, however, it is still a lot. You can also put quotation marks around groups of words and the search engine will look only for sites that contain all of those words in the exact order you’ve given. And you can combine this strategy with the other ways of limiting your search. "Try “standardized testing effectiveness” (in quotation marks) AND research. That should refine it even further and give you some articles, though mostly likely not peer-reviewed articles, that will have background." You type in the information and Google refreshes to show only eight results. "Ah. Another downside to using internet searches for academic research. Sometimes you get too many results, other times you get far too few. It doesn't look like you can use any of these either. Why don't you play around with a couple search terms and see what you can find." (if: $secondgoogle is 0)[You try a couple different search terms, but nothing is really turning up. You then put in "standardized testing scholarly article." Just about 125,000 results appear. Most of them are from .org and .edu domains. A couple sources down you come across a lengthly PDF document that looks like a student project. The project is from William Jessup University by a student named Jeremiah Gawthrop. The full project title is <a href="http://my.jessup.edu/publicpolicy/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Gawthrop_Jeremiah_Final.pdf">"Measuring Student Achievement: A Study of Standardized Testing and its Effect on Student Learning."</a> As you read the abstract and table of contents, you take note that there are many key terms and references. You're not sure if this would be a peer-reviewed source, but it has a full works cited, is well researched, and outlines the issue well. "Ed, does what about this?" Edward Paige looks over at your screen and smiles. "Yes. This is a good one. By the looks of it, it is a student project, though there are no identifiers whether it is an undergraduate or graduate thesis or seminar paper. Either way, this is a great start. Not all professors are ok with counting this as a peer-reviewed source, since there is only one reviewer listed, but this can be a very strong secondary source. There are better and simpler ways to find strong peer-reviewed sources." [["Now that I have some keywords, I think I'm ready to take another stab at the scholarly article part of it. | Refined Testing Library Search]] (link:'I think I can do this on my own. "Thanks Ed. I am going to see what I can find on my own')[(set: $secondgoogle to 2)(goto:" Testing Library Search")]] (if: $secondgoogle is 1)[You try a couple different search terms, but nothing is really turning up. You then put in "standardized testing scholarly article." Just about 125,000 results appear and you notice the same student project you found before just a couple sources down. The full project title is <a href="http://my.jessup.edu/publicpolicy/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Gawthrop_Jeremiah_Final.pdf">"Measuring Student Achievement: A Study of Standardized Testing and its Effect on Student Learning."</a> "Ed, does what about this? I found this one earlier too." Edward Paige looks over at your screen and smiles. "Yes. This is a good one. By the looks of it, it is a student project, though there are no identifiers whether it is an undergraduate or graduate thesis or seminar paper. Either way, this is a great start. Not all professors are ok with counting this as a peer-reviewed source, since there is only one reviewer listed, but this can be a very strong secondary source. There are better and simpler ways to find strong peer-reviewed sources." [["Now that I have some keywords, I think I'm ready to take another stab at the scholarly article part of it. | Refined Testing Library Search]] (link:'I think I can do this on my own. "Thanks Ed. I am going to see what I can find on my own')[(set: $secondgoogle to 2)(goto:" Testing Library Search")]]

(set: $databasesearch to 1)["Databases are collections of information and sources compiled by discipline, type, or source. Different databases are better for different subjects of research. A database search engine can only find what’s actually in the database. If you’re looking for information on chemistry, you won’t find much in a database designated for the humanities. Eastern's librarians have subject guides that can tell you the best databases to use for your topic. To find these guides, click on 'Research Guides' on the main library site and select what subject best fits your research." "Some of the more common databases are: ERIC - Great for researching school/education related topics Project Muse - Covers the humanities and social sciences JSTOR - Covers most subjects, but has a large focus on the humanities PsycINFO - Covers psychology exclusively PubMed - Everything health related subjects Oxford English Dictionary - The best way to find the history of a word and academic definitions Opposing Viewpoints in Context - Easiest way to find information on controversial issues"] (link:"Done.")[(set: $researchtools to 1)(goto:" Refined Testing Library Search")]

(set: $googlescholar to 1)["Google’s got a specialized search engine, Google Scholar, that will search for scholarly articles that might be useful (scholar.google.com). The same strategies still apply for searching in Google Scholar as they did in Google. Remember, the more specific you can be, the better. "Google Scholar pulls from a variety of databases and books for all disciplines. Eastern Michigan University has many paid subscriptions, and if you log on through the library's website, you will have access to thousands of books and articles that are peer-reviewed. We will cover books in a moment. "This is a great way to refine your search after you gather general knowledge form the internet."] (link:"Done.")[(set: $researchtools to 1)(goto:" Refined Testing Library Search")]

(set: $libraryesearch to 1)["Often, the best place to find scholarly sources is the college library’s databases. A database is a collection of related data set up for easy access to items in the collection. Library databases contain articles from newspapers, magazines, scholarly journals, and other publications as well as books. They can be very large, but they’re a lot smaller than the whole Internet, and they generally contain reliable information. "Once you access Eastern Michigan's library website, you will notice a small box at the top of the screen labeled 'Library E-Search.' This search box will look through every linked database that EMU has authorized. You can differentiate between types of sources and whether students have access to them. "This is a great way to narrow down your topic and find strong supporting sources for your research."] (link:"Done.")[(set: $researchtools to 1)(goto:" Refined Testing Library Search")]

"Since you are working with an academic issue-standardized testing-why don't we try ERIC first. "First, click on the 'databases' tab, then on 'E.' Scroll down until you find ERIC." You click through the website find yourself staring at the database. <div></div> <img src="http://i.imgur.com/P15Wqsa.png" width="640" height="480" alt="ERIC Database"> "Alright, so when you come to a database, you want to specific about what you are researching. You can search something basic first and see what interests you, then narrow it down after. "Why don't you type in 'standardized testing' first, then we will see what piques your interest." You type "standardized testing" into the database and find 6,753 results. "Now, most databases allow you to change the source type, publication date, subjects, etc. You said you were looking for scholarly journals, so let's click on that. Then you also want to make sure it is from the last ten or so years, so why don't you change the publication date to 2010-2015." You make all the changes and then hit update. "Wow." You look at the results. "Only 667 sources. That's great!" "Yes, now, if you look at some of the titles, you will see your search terms highlighted in yellow. You will also see some detailed information that can help you select the best resource. ERIC lists how many times the article has been cited and how many times it has been referenced. The second source, 'High-Stakes Standardized Testing & Marginalized Yough: An Examination of the Impact on Those Who Fail,' has been cited 24 times and has been referenced 46 times. That is impressive. Does this interst you?" [["Well, I'm definitely interested in where the test falls short. I think this one will work. How do I cite this?" |Cite article]] [["I'm actually a little more interested in the effects of the test on all populations more than just a specific group. Can we look at another one?" |Second Article]]

"Now, before you completely settle on this one, read the abstract to make sure it covers the information you want." You click on the abstract and a short paragraph appears under the heading "Abstract." You start to read: "This study examines the impact of high-stakes, large-scale, standardized literacy testing on youth who have failed the Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test. Interviews with youth indicate that the unintended impact of high-stakes testing is more problematic than policy makers and educators may realize. In contrast to literacy policy's aims to help promote the 'well-being' of all learners, and 'equity' within the educational system; youth attest to feeling 'shame' and show further marginalization due to this testing mechanism. These findings suggest that it is necessary to broaden the dialogue about the impact of high-stakes standardized literacy testing and its effects." "Yeah, I like this one. Even though it is about Ontario, I think there are a lot of interesting points here. I like how it explains the well-being of the students and the equity in the educational system. I think this one is great." "Fantastic! Now, the quickest way to cite articles form databases is to click on the link that says 'cite.' "After you select cite, a window opens up and asks for your citation style. Do you know what citation style you are working in?" "MLA." "So, click on the citation style dropdown menu and select 'MLA 7th Edition.' Now, select the text and copy it and paste it into your email so you don't lose it. This citation has the website listed so you can come back to it, or you can click on the green 'EMU FindText+' button to download the full PDF." [["Now I have two sources and I just need a book." | Test Book Source]]

"Alright. Well, if we look through here, maybe we can find something that strikes you." You scroll down, carefully reading each source. You come to one that stands out. "What about this one Ed? It is called 'A National Survey of Middle and High School Science Teachers' Responses to Standardized Testing: Is Science Being Devalued in Schools?' It has been cited 14 times and referenced 47 times. It's also covers middle and high schools and has teacher responses." "Yes. Well, that does sound like a good one too. If you want to use that one, great! Now, before you completely settle on this one, read the abstract to make sure it covers the information you want." You click on the abstract and a short paragraph appears under the heading "Abstract." You start to read: "This study explored American high school and middle school science teachers' attitudes toward the use of standardized testing for accountability purposes, their justification for the attitudes they hold and the impact of standardized testing on their instructional and assessment practices. A total of 161 science teachers participated in the study. Analyses were based on teachers' responses to a questionnaire including nine-item likert-scale questions and two-item open-ended questions. The analyses revealed that science teachers have mixed reactions to the administration of standardized tests and its use for accountability purposes. The findings also reveal that standardized testing has a significant influence on science teachers' instructional and assessment practices in ways that are counter to the learning goals promoted by science education reformists. Our discussion focuses on the implicit and explicit influences of the NCLB Act on science curriculum, teaching and assessment, and how the NCLB driven policies undermine the goals of science education reform." "Yeah, I like this one. It covers the testing and the curriculum science teachers have to follow. I think this one will work." "Fantastic! Now, the quickest way to cite articles form databases is to click on the link that says 'cite.' "After you select cite, a window opens up and asks for your citation style. Do you know what citation style you are working in?" "MLA." "So, click on the citation style dropdown menu and select 'MLA 7th Edition.' Now, select the text and copy it and paste it into your email so you don't lose it. This citation has the website listed so you can come back to it, or you can click on the green 'EMU FindText+' button to download the full PDF." [["Now I have two sources and I just need a book." | Test Book Source]]

"Yes, don’t forget about books." Edward Paige smirks with a sense of satisfaction. "You generally have to walk physically to get information that’s only in print form, or have someone else bring it to you. Even though Google has now scanned many of the world’s books into its database, they won’t give you access to the entire book if the book is still under copyright. Accessing Google Scholar through EMU's library site will grant you full access to some, and you will also have the capability to see if our library has the book, but we have many other resources if we don't have the book here. "If you cannot find access to a book, or if you are unsure about availability, don’t forget to ask for help when you’re looking around for sources. Reference librarians, like myself, make very good guides when it comes to locating all sources, but we are very good at tracking down books. "The best place to start is the library's E-Search. Go back to that page and we will start from there." [[Go back to E-Search | Test Find Book]]

"If you look at the top tabs, you will notice that the first two say 'Articles & More' and the other says 'Books.' You can use either, but I highly recommend you use the books tab if you are looking exclusively for books. "Now, if you don't have the title of the book in mind, you can search by way of keywords. If you are looking for something specific, you can choose 'Author' or 'Title' in the dropdown. Since we are looking for something on standardized testing in general, type that into the keyword search." You type "standardized testing" into the box and click "search." "Now, there are far fewer books than articles, so expect the results to be far fewer. Here, you have found 92 possible books. You can limit the search through the same search tools we learned with databases, and there are also preset filters on the right of the screen. Since there aren't too many, why don't you scroll through the list and see if a title jumps out at you." You scroll through the list and come upon a book entitled, Assessment, Bureaucracy, and Consolidation: The Issues Facing Schools Today, by Donald Parkerson. "Here. This one is about assessment and the political nature of education. I think I will go with this one. Plus, it was published in 2015, so it is brand new!" "Great! Click on that one." <div></div> <img src="http://i.imgur.com/Ev6QwAo.png" width="640" height="480" alt="Book Image"> "See all the information on this page? This will give you every bit of information needed for your citation as well as the information you need to find the book to check it out. The Holding Information at the bottom has the location, status, and call number. This book says that it is here on the first level so you can go check it out! At the very bottom is the summary of the book, much like the abstract, to tell you what the book is about. Do you think this will work?" You scroll to the bottom of the page and glance over the summary: "American education has changed dramatically over the last century. The small, locally controlled school, supported by a concerned educational village fostered learning, personal accountability, patriotism and economic growth for a young nation. Today, however, American schools are typically large, consolidated, bureaucratic organizations controlled by state and/or municipal governments. The administration of these schools is hierarchical and corporate in form while its curriculum is oriented toward the needs of the business community. Assessment through standardized testing, moreover, has become the cornerstone of American education. Assessment, Bureaucracy, and Consolidation: The Issues Facing Schools Today examines this remarkable transformation in the form and function of education and assesses the problems and possibilities for the future of schools and our nation. Additional key features of this book include: A clear comprehensive history of the modern American school from the nineteenth century to the present and its impact on teachers, students, parents and the community at large An Explanation of the impact of bureaucratic organization and the movement toward large schools Critiques of past reform experiments in public education A Placement of the contemporary standardized assessment movement in historical context A reevaluation of the relationship between education and business An evaluation of returning education to locally controlled schools, reconnecting educational practitioners with the educational village." "Yes. This one and the other source I have is on the American institute, and the peer-reviewed one from ERIC is on the Canadian system. I think I can work these together." "I think you can easily work them together. Now, to get the citation, usually, there will be a citation tool on the right hand side of the screen. If there isn't, you should consult your writing manual, Writing in Action, go to <a href="https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/"> Purdue OWL's </a> reference page, or consult with a writing consultant in the University Writing Center. "Now, say our library didn't have the book. You could always check MeLCat. [[What is MeLCat?]]

MeLCat is a service provided by the Library of Michigan. There are many libraries in Michigan that link together in order to provide books to students throughout the state. If you ever need a book that isn't in our library, make sure you check MeLCat first. "It can be accessed in two different ways. First, if the book is listed through the E-Search function, there will be a MeLCat button on the right hand side that will automatically search the database for a copy. You can also go to emich.edu/library and click on 'Interlibrary Loan' under the 'Services' tab on the bottom of the site. One there, you can click on MeLCat towards the top of the page. This will bring you to the search page where you can type in the title of the book you want or need. Books do need to be shipped here, but you will get a notification for when the book is received. The book should only take a week to get to Eastern. "You should also consider using 'Interlibrary Loan,' also called 'ILLiad,' which can request books from all over the country at any participating library. There are many more options here, however, books can take up to two weeks to come to our library for pickup. You can also request scanned chapters or articles that you do not have access to in our databases through ILLiad. "When you get your book, you will have about two weeks from the date of pick-up to keep the book before you have to return it. Any questions?" [["What if I need help with using these sources? | UWC]] [["I think I got everything I need! | Done]]

"The best place to get help on this stuff is from your professor. Professors are usually willing to help student work through whatever they need help on. However, they do get busy, so you could always consult the University Writing Center consultants. Remember, we always have two consultants here, but there are other locatons you could go to. It isn't my area of experties, but let me get you their flyer." Edward Paige stands up and gets an orange flyer. He brings it over and places it in front of you. "The University Writing Center (115 Halle Library; 487-0694) offers one-to-one writing consulting for both undergraduate and graduate students. Students can make appointments or drop in between the hours of 10 a.m. and 6 p.m. Mondays through Thursdays and from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Fridays. The UWC opens for the Winter 2016 semester on Monday, January 11 and will close on Tuesday, April 19. Students are encouraged to come to the UWC at any stage of the writing process. The UWC also has several satellite locations across campus (in Owen, Marshall, Pray-Harrold, and Mark Jefferson). These satellites provide drop-in writing support to students in various colleges and programs. Satellite locations and hours can be found on the UWC web site: http://www.emich.edu/uwc. UWC writing consultants also work in the Academic Projects Center (116 Halle Library), which offers drop-in consulting for students on writing, research, and technology-related issues. The APC is open 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. Mondays through Thursdays. Additional information about the APC can be found at http://www.emich.edu/apc. Students seeking writing support at any location of the University Writing Center should bring a draft of their writing (along with any relevant instructions or rubrics) to work on during the consultation." [["I think you have everything you need to get this project done!" | Done]]

"Thank you for everything, Ed." You get up from the desk. "I couldn't have done this without you. I really appreciate it!" Edward Paige stands up and shakes your hand. "It was my absolute pleasure. If you need anything else, make sure you stop back in. Librarians are here for a reason. Have a good day!" You walk out of the Academic Projects Center and head over to where your book is shelved. Research doesn't seem so difficult anymore. <center>----------</center> <center>Thank you for playing through Secondary Research: An Interactive Guide. I hope you enjoyed the game and took notes. This game was designed to walk students through the secondary research process in a comfortable narrative that can be easily followed. Please submit any and all questions to [email protected] Best, Christopher Stuart ---------- Works Referenced </center> Aydeniz, Mehmet, and Sherry A. Southerland. "A National Survey of Middle and High School Science Teachers' Responses to Standardized Testing: Is Science being Devalued in Schools?" Journal of Science Teacher Education 23.3 (2012): 233-57. ProQuest. Web. 10 Jan. 2016. Haller, Cynthia R. "Walk, Talk, Cook, Eat: A Guide to Using Sources." Writing Spaces 2 (2011): 193-209. Web. 7 Dec. 2014. Kearns, Laura-Lee. "High-Stakes Standardized Testing and Marginalized Youth: An Examination of the Impact on those Who Fail." Canadian Journal of Education 34.2 (2011): 112. Web.